Hospital-acquired respiratory viral infections are associated with increased mortality and morbidity and prolonged hospital stays (1). Hospital-acquired influenza (HAI) accounts for 10-15% of these infections (2-4). Previous studies reported the proportion of HAI to influenza-diagnosed patients admitted to the hospital between 4%-25% (5-8). A systematic review showed that the average proportion of HAI among all hospitalized (...) Read More
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with the increasing number of cases, has been a major health challenge worldwide. In addition to being a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection maintains its importance because of prolonged symptoms after acute disease in the post-infectious period. Read More
In the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to estimate the immune responses to various COVID-19 vaccinations to estimate the efficacy of the vaccines. During the ongoing pandemic, different vaccine types and vaccination strategies affect the cellular and molecular elements of innate and adaptive immune systems. Therefore, testing the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in different vaccination (...) Read More
After the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an end to COVID-19 as a global public health emergency on May 5, 2023, we have entered a new era in the pandemic, and most countries have already returned to normal life. This declaration was resulted from the 12-month downward trend of the pandemic, increased immunity due to the highly effective vaccines, decreased death rates, and decreased pressure on once overwhelmed (...) Read More
The Oppenheimer film reminded us once again of the situations in which scientists were forced to immigrate unwillingly from their own countries. No doubt, the most striking tragedies happened during the Nazi period in Germany. The film reflected many physicists, including Einstein, who emigrated from Europe to the USA during this period and aroused curiosity […] Read More
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory infection caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from the Coronaviridae family. MERS coronavirus was first identified as the etiologic agent from a patient living in Saudi Arabia in 2012, and it is the sixth human coronavirus . After the first case, the infection was detected in Bahrain, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. So far, all MERS-CoV cases worldwide have been associated with a travel history (...) Read More
Burkholderia cepacia complex is aerobic, non-fermentative, multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli containing 24 opportunistic pathogenic species (1). B. cepacia complex members are commonly found in natural environments because they easily adapt to harsh environments due to their genotypic and phenotypic plasticity and ability to mutate rapidly. B. cepacia complex can also grow substantially and survive in water-based (...) Read More
The incidence of acute pancreatitis ranges from 2.2-136/100,000 people and increases by 3.7% per year. Necrosis occurs in nearly 15% of acute pancreatitis. The sterile necrosis of pancreatic or peripancreatic tissue gets infected by translocation of gastrointestinal flora or peripheral spread from the skin, respiratory, or urinary tract. Mortality rates increase with infection in necrotic tissue and rise from 19.8% to 35.2% in acute pancreatitis . Read More
The development of a vaccine was a big step in the fight against COVID-19. However, with the introduction of vaccines in a short time, there were many people in society and among healthcare workers (HCWs) who did not want to get vaccinated. Read More
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a zoonotic infection that emerged in Wuhan province of China in December 2019. SARS-COV-2 is a Betacoronavirus that is classified in Riboviria realm, Nidovirales order, and Coronaviridae family (1). Although the fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 (2.6%) is lower than SARS-CoV (11%) and MERS-CoV (35-50%), it was much more severe worldwide (...) Read More
Introduction Respiratory illness from an acute infection remains the most common etiology for inpatient pediatric hospitalization. Imminent respiratory arrest from prolonged hypoxemia may lead to bradycardia and subsequent cardiac collapse. As such, apnea (or respiratory distress) followed then by bradycardia is the classic modus operandi seen at the bedside, especially in neonates (...) Read More
