Upregulation of Serum microRNA-21 as a Noninvasive Biomarker in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Duhok, Iraq

Nishteman Faysal Mohammad and Amir Hani Raziq

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most serious infectious diseases worldwide and continues to represent a major public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10.6 million people developed TB globally in 2022, with an estimated 1.3 million deaths, making TB one of the leading causes [...] Read More